Paro Tsechu Festival

The Paro Tsechu Festival

The Paro Tsechu Festival is one of Bhutan’s most captivating cultural celebrations, blending vibrant traditions, deep spirituality, and a profound sense of community. Rooted in devotion to Guru Padmasambhava, or Guru Rinpoche, the

revered figure who introduced tantric Buddhism to the Himalayas, Paro festival serves as a living testament to Bhutan’s rich spiritual heritage and cultural identity. Held annually in spring, the festival spans five days, showcasing sacred masked dances, religious ceremonies, and vibrant traditional festivities. It is a cherished occasion for locals to don their finest hand-woven attire and gather with family and friends, sharing sumptuous picnics amid the joyous celebrations.
The Paro Tsechu festival begins in the majestic courtyard of Rinpung Dzong before moving outside to a larger outdoor area to accommodate the growing crowd. Its’ grand finale is marked by a breathtaking pre-dawn unveiling of the Thongdol, a massive silk tapestry depicting Guru Rinpoche. This awe-inspiring moment, steeped in reverence and tradition, epitomizes the enduring spirit of the Paro Tsechu Festival, making it a cherished highlight for locals and visitors alike

The Origin of Paro Tsechu

Paro Tsechu is said to have been introduced in the 17th century by the fourth temporal ruler of Bhutan, Gyalse Tenzin Rabgye, who laid the foundation of the magnificent Paro Dzong in 1644. The true origins of the Tshechu date further back to the revered teachings of Guru Rinpoche in the 8th century.
According to folklore, Guru Rinpoche performed a series of miracles to vanquish demons and establish Buddhism’s stronghold in the region. One of the most enchanting tales recounts how he manifested in eight different forms, triumphing over evil and bestowing blessings upon the land. The Paro Tshechu Festival celebrates this miraculous events, serving as a heartfelt tribute to the Guru’s teachings and the blessings he bestowed upon this hidden nation.
With time, the Paro Tshechu blossomed into a grand celebration, transforming into a crucial religious and social gathering that embodies the very spirit of Bhutanese culture. It is a vibrant spectacle where the colors of tradition interconnect in harmony with the rhythms of community life. The festival not only provides an avenue for religious observance but also fosters social unity and strengthens community bonds.

The Meaning Of The Word TSHECHU

In Dzongkha, Bhutan’s official language, the word tshechu literally means “tenth day,” referencing the belief that many of Padmasambhava’s significant deeds occurred on this day. Although these festivals do not always fall exactly on the tenth day of the lunar calendar, tshechus has become synonymous with these celebrations. They are held across the Bhutanese landscape, centered around themes of masked dances, cultural displays, and religious performances. Beyond their spiritual significance and communal gatherings, these festivals play a vital role in preserving Bhutan’s heritage by passing down beliefs, values, and mythologies from one generation to the next.

When Does the Paro Tsechu take place?

The Paro Tshechu Festival begins after the 10th day of the second month in the Bhutanese lunar calendar. On the 10th day, final rehearsals and prayers are conducted inside the Dzong, which remains closed to the public. From the 11th to the 15th day, the festival unfolds over five days in an open area just outside the Dzong.
This spectacular event typically coincides with the arrival of spring, following the cold winter months, when warmth and vibrant colors fill the air between March and April. It is a time when farmers can take a break from their agricultural work, and the valley is transformed into breathtaking panorama as peaches and cherry blossoms blanket the landscape in hues of pink and red.

Why should a Tourists attend Paro Tshechu Festival?

Here are some compelling reasons why you should attend Paro Tshechu Festival in Bhutan.

1. Experience Authentic Bhutanese Culture:

The festival is a showcase of Bhutan’s rich cultural heritage, featuring traditional dances, music, and rituals performed in their authentic forms.
Attendees can witness locals wearing their finest traditional attire (Gho and Kira), adding to the cultural vibrancy.As a tourist, you’ll have the opportunity to share and learn, promoting cross-cultural understanding in a welcoming environment.

2. Sacred Religious Observation

The festival is deeply rooted in Bhutan’s Vajrayana Buddhism, with monks and laypeople coming together to perform masked dances called Cham that depict religious stories and moral lessons. Observing these rituals offers insight into the spiritual beliefs and practices of the Bhutanese people. This visually captivating dances is believed to ward off evil spirits and purify the mind.

3. The Unveiling of the Thongdrel or Giant Thangkha

A highlight of the Paro Tsechu is the display of the Thongdrel, a massive sacred scroll, which is combination of painting and applique work Viewing this is believed to cleanse sins and bring blessings.

4. Engage with Locals

The festival brings together people from all walks of life, creating an opportunity to interact with locals and understand their way of life.

5. Photographer’s Paradise

The festival’s vibrant colors, elaborate costumes, and dramatic masked dances provide endless opportunities for stunning photography. The backdrop of Paro Dzong and the surrounding valley enhances the visual appeal.

6. Perfect Time for Travel in Bhutan:

Paro Tsechu festival usually takes place in spring (March-April), when Bhutan’s weather is pleasant, and the landscape is blooming, making it an ideal time for exploration.

What Is the significance of Paro Tshechu, you may Ask?

The Paro Tshechu is not just a festival steeped in religious significance; it is intricately woven into the very fabric of Bhutanese society and governance. Back in the day, tshechus served as pivotal moments for local communities from all walks of life to come together, receive blessings from revered spiritual leaders, reiterate their loyalty to the powers that be, and familiarize themselves with the laws and regulations of the land.

At this juncture in time, the Paro Tshechu Festival thrives solely because it blends its rich history with the pulse of modern life. Each year, it draws thousands of pilgrims and travelers eager to immerse themselves in the captivating spectacle of elaborate masked dances, to receive blessings, and revel in the joyous atmosphere.
As the drums beat and the colorful costumes swirl, the Paro Tshechu stands as a living testament to Bhutan’s rich cultural heritage and spiritual traditions. It symbolizes the nation’s unwavering commitment to preserving its unique identity amid an ever-changing world, providing a firsthand experience, to all those who attend it, of the magic and depth of Bhutan and what it means to be Bhutanese.

Highlights or Treasures of the Paro Tsechu Festival

Beyond the mesmerizing sacred mask dances, folk singing, and traditional performances, the Paro Tsechu is a vital social and religious gathering. However, a few extraordinary highlights take center stage, capturing the reverence and attention of all who attend. These three treasured elements of the Paro Tsechu—the sacred cymbal, the grand Thongdrel, and the depiction of Guru Tshen Gyed—are the festival’s most revered highlights.

The Sacred Cymbal

One of the festival’s most cherished artifacts is the sacred cymbal, believed to have been retrieved from Nub Tsho Na Patra in Haa by Terton Sherab Membar, a revered treasure discoverer. This relic is displayed briefly inside the Dzong on the festival’s first day, offering attendees a rare glimpse of its spiritual significance.

The Thongdrel Display

A moment of awe unfolds in the early hours before sunrise, with the unveiling of one of the world’s largest Thongdrels—a massive sacred scroll painting. This sacred thangka is displayed just briefly, before the first rays of sunlight touch it, as it is believed that viewing it cleanses sins and brings blessings. This breathtaking sight is an unmissable highlight of the festival.

Depiction of Guru Tshen Gyed

The festival culminates with a powerful depiction of Guru Tshen Gyed, representing the eight manifestations of Guru Padmasambhava. This sacred portrayal not only provides blessings to visitors but also symbolizes the spiritual essence of the festival.

Unfurling of the Guru’s Thongdrel

The unfurling of the Thongdrel is one of the most sacred and anticipated moments of the Paro Tsechu. The process begins with the monk body performing a series of prayers, including purification rituals directed toward Guru Rinpoche and the Thongdrel itself. These prayers are meant to cleanse the sacred tapestry of any physical or karmic blemishes that might arise from being displayed before countless devotees.

In the stillness of the pre-dawn hours, at around 3:00 AM, the grand event begins with a Chhipdrel ceremony—a traditional procession that sets the stage for the unveiling of the century-old sacred Thongdrel. This massive appliqué depicts Guru Tshengye, the eight manifestations of Guru Rinpoche, in stunning detail and vibrant colors.
The moment the Thongdrel is raised is truly magical. A line of devoted men carefully supports its base, while others use ropes to unfurl the immense tapestry slowly and reverently. As it ascends, inch by inch, the crowd collectively holds its breath, and the atmosphere becomes electrified with the sound of prayers chanted in unison by hundreds of devotees.
So deeply rooted is the faith of the people that many wait throughout the night just for a brief glimpse of the Thongdrel. It is believed to be imbued with extraordinary blessings, offering viewers a rare and transformative spiritual experience. The term Thongdrel itself means “Liberation through Sight,” encapsulating the profound belief that simply seeing this sacred artifact can cleanse one of sins and bring divine grace.
Before the first rays of sunlight touch its surface, the Thongdrel is carefully lowered and rolled to preserve its delicate brocade. It is then carried back to the Dzong in a grand and solemn procession, where it is safely stored until the next year’s Tsechu.

Daily Programs, Mask Dances, Dancers at the Paro Tshechu

At the heart of the festival are the cham dances, where ancient legends are brought to life. Dancers, adorned with masks depicting gods and demons, enact epic tales through movements that weave together Bhutanese folklore and spiritual beliefs.
Paro Tshechu’s inventory has remained largely consistent since the 1900s, with minor additions and changes to folk dances and songs. The schedule alternates between folk songs, sacred dances, and dynamic performances, enriching the experience for attendees.
The sacred dance performed by laypeople in vibrant silk costumes is called Bod Cham, and dances performed by monks in traditional maroon robes adorned with wrathful imagery is called Gelong Gi Cham. Dances like the Black-Hat may be performed by both.

Day 1 Program: Nangcham & Grand Initiation

The Paro Tshechu Festival begins with vibrant ceremonies held inside the majestic Rinpung Dzong, later transitioning to the open grounds just outside. The festivities commence around 9:00 AM and conclude by 4:00 PM. The day starts with a series of inauguration rituals, followed by an engaging Atsara (Clown) performance before the main events unfold.
A Nang Cham (sacred dance) is performed inside the courtyard of Rinpung Dzong. A key highlight of this ritual is the use of a sacred cymbal, regarded as a precious treasure. The cymbal is used and and displayed for devotees to receive blessings. It is believed that hearing its resonant sound purifies and dispels negative energies.
Throughout the day, approximately six mask dances and eight folk dances and songs are performed. The program typically opens with Shinje Yabyum, a sacred depiction of Yamantaka performed by two dancers wearing striking red bull masks. Other notable performances include the Durgdag (Lords of the Cremation Grounds), the Dance of the Drums, and additional captivating routines.
In addition to the masked dances, the day also features Zhungdra and Boedra dances presented by lay men and women performers, adding cultural richness to the celebration. These dances and rituals together mark the vibrant beginning of the Paro Tshechu Festival.

Day 2: A Pulsating Display Of Songs & Dances

The second day of the festival springs to life at 9:00 AM on the open grounds and continues until the late afternoon. The day’s program features an exhilarating lineup of ten sacred dances and seven folk songs, creating a mesmerizing blend of spirituality and cultural celebration.
Festivities begin each day with the Chibdrel procession, a ceremonial parade that escorts the head monk and dignitaries to the venue.
Among the day’s highlights are the captivating Shaw-Sha Chi (Dance of the Stags and Hounds), the powerful Nga-Ging Cham (Drum Dance), and the dynamic Pacham (Dance of the Heroes). While some mask dances are repeated from previous days, their significance and artistry continue to captivate the audience.

Day 3: A Fusion Of Legend & Artistry

Following the Chibdrel procession, the third of the Paro Tsechu begins. The list of programs runs from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. and features a total of thirteen exciting performances by monks, gomchens and laymen. Especially enticing are the Tung Ngam Cham, a wrathful form of Guru Rinpoche as Guru Drago transforming negative to wisdom light and the Pholay Molay, a drama of a nobleman and the ladies, performed in order to remind the people about the jealousy, sorrow, betrayal and problem faced by a couple.

Day 4: A Dance of Valor and Triumph

On the fourth day of the Paro Tshechu, crowds of locals and tourists gather to receive blessings from Shinje Choeki Gyalpo (the Lord of Death). This day’s highlight is also the Druk Wangyal Cham, a unique and powerful dance performed by the Royal Body Guards. This performance portrays soldiers preparing for war, showcasing their discipline, courage, and eventual victory.
In addition to these, several mask dances from earlier days are repeated, adding familiarity and continuity to the festival’s vibrant celebrations.

Day 5: Cleansing Negativity and Receiving Profound Blessings

The final day of the Paro Tshechu begins at the break of dawn, with devotees arriving early to receive blessings from the Guru Thongdrol, a sacred embroidered tapestry. Local representatives convene inside the main temple, where monks—prepared through midnight rituals—present the Thongdrol in the assembly hall promptly before 3:00 AM.
Witnessing the Thongdrol is believed to bring profound spiritual benefits, cleansing negativity from one’s body, speech, and mind, and granting liberation from lower realms of existence. After blessings and offerings, the Thongdrol is ceremoniously rolled up and taken away by 7:30 AM, marking the end of this deeply sacred ritual.
The celebrations continue with more sacred dances, notably the Guru Tsengye (Dance of the Eight Manifestations of Guru Rinpoche) and the Zhabdrung blessings. As the festival draws to a close, it concludes with the Trashi Moelam, a communal dance where performers and attendees join hands in a large circle. This dance symbolizes the sharing of auspiciousness and blessings, not only for those present but also for all sentient beings.

A Heads-Up for Enthusiastic Travelers

The Paro Tshechu Festival is one of Bhutan’s most sought-after events, offering an unparalleled cultural experience. Given its popularity and timing during Bhutan’s peak tourist season, we recommend booking your trip at least 4–6 months in advance. Early planning ensures you secure your flights and accommodations for this extraordinary event.

Download Past Day by program

For details of the day-by-day program, descriptions of dances, and significance, please download sample of one typical year program – Download PDF

Wind Horse Trips Featuring the Paro Tsechu Festival

Below are some of our small group journeys that include the vibrant Paro Tsechu festival. Alternatively, you can opt for a private tour or customize an itinerary to match your schedule and interests.

• Bhutan Festival Tour 9 days
• Dragon Festival Tour 12 days
• Drukyul Walking Tour 13 days