Nepal, officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country nestled between India and China. Despite its relatively small size, Nepal encompasses a stunning geographical range—from the subtropical lowlands of the Terai to the towering, snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas, including Mount Everest (8,848.86 m), the highest point on Earth.

Celebrated for its breathtaking natural beauty, diverse terrains, and rich cultural tapestry, Nepal is often referred to as Dev Bhumi—the “Land of the Gods.” The country is dotted with ancient temples, sacred shrines, monasteries, and stupas, reflecting the deep-rooted presence of Hinduism and Buddhism, which coexist harmoniously across the nation.

Geography

Stretching from the fertile plains of the Terai in the south to the towering peaks of the Himalayas in the north, Nepal boasts a remarkable geographical diversity:

• Terai Region: A lush, flat expanse known for its agriculture, dense forests, and vibrant wildlife reserves.
• Hilly Region: Characterized by rolling hills, verdant valleys, and traditional villages that offer stunning vistas and cultural richness.
• Himalayan Region: Home to the world’s highest peaks, including Mount Everest, this area offers unparalleled mountain views and trekking adventures.

Climate & Seasons

Nepal’s climate varies significantly with altitude:

• Terai: Hot and humid, especially during the summer months.
• Mid-Hills: Moderate and pleasant, offering comfortable conditions year-round.
• Mountains: Ranges from sub-alpine to alpine, with cooler temperatures and snowfall in higher elevations.

The country experiences four distinct seasons:

• Spring (March–May): Blooming rhododendrons and moderate temperatures.
• Summer/Monsoon (June–September): Heavy rainfall, especially in the Terai and hilly regions.
• Autumn (September–November): Clear skies and ideal trekking conditions.
• Winter (December–February): Cold temperatures, particularly in the mountains, with occasional snowfall.

[more details >>>]

Major Cities & Cultural Hubs

• Kathmandu: The bustling capital, renowned for its ancient temples, vibrant markets, and UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
• Pokhara: A serene city known for its natural beauty, adventure sports, and as the gateway to the Annapurna region.
• Lumbini: The sacred birthplace of Lord Buddha, rich in spiritual significance and historical heritage.
• Chitwan: Famous for Chitwan National Park, offering thrilling jungle safaris and sightings of rare wildlife like rhinos and Bengal tigers.

Quick Facts

• Area: 147,181 square kilometers.
• Population: Approximately 30 million people.
• Official Language: Nepali.
• Other Languages: Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Newari, Tamang, and over 100 others.
• Ethnic Groups: Over 80 diverse ethnic communities.
• Religions: Predominantly Hinduism and Buddhism, with minorities practicing Islam, Christianity, and others.

Biodiversity & Natural Heritage

Nepal’s varied climates and terrains contribute to its rich biodiversity:

• Birds: Home to about 8.9% of the world’s bird species.
• Butterflies: Hosts 4.2% of global butterfly species.
• Mammals: Contains 3.96% of the world’s mammal species.
• Orchids: Boasts over 360 species, accounting for 2% of the global total.
• Rhododendrons: Features 6% of the world’s rhododendron species.

This ecological wealth makes Nepal a paradise for nature lovers and researchers.

People & Ethnic Diversity

Nepal is a remarkable tapestry of ethnic and cultural diversity, shaped by its dramatic geography and centuries of migration, trade, and spiritual evolution. It is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world, with over 80 ethnic groups and 123 languages spread across three main regions:

Himalayan Region

Tibetan-speaking communities such as the Sherpas, famed for their mountaineering skills, and the Dolpas, Lopas, and Manangis, known for their trade traditions and deep-rooted Buddhist heritage.

Hilly Region

Ethnic groups like the Magars, Gurungs, Tamangs, Rais, Limbus, Chepangs, Thakalis, and Sunuwars, along with Newars, Brahmins and Chhetris.

Terai Region

The southern lowlands are home to communities such as the Tharus, Darai, Kumhal, and Majhi, who are closely tied to the land and rivers, known for their farming traditions and colorful festivals.

Governance & Economy

• Government: Federal parliamentary republic, divided into 7 provinces.
• Economy: Primarily based on agriculture, tourism, remittances, and handicrafts.
• GDP (2025 estimate): Approximately US$50.83 billion.
• GDP per Capita (2025 estimate): Around US$1,555.